/* ============================================================
   Dr. Abir Sarbajna — Research Group
   Design system: "Base-metal precision"
   Display: Spectral (scholarly serif) · Body: Inter
   Data/labels: IBM Plex Mono
   Signature: Fe / Co / Ni triad spectrum
   ============================================================ */

:root {
  --ink:        #16202E;
  --ink-soft:   #455066;
  --ink-faint:  #6B7686;
  --line:       #E4E8ED;
  --line-soft:  #EFF2F5;
  --paper:      #FBFCFD;
  --surface:    #FFFFFF;
  --surface-alt:#F3F6F8;
  --accent:     #0D5360;
  --accent-deep:#093B45;
  --accent-tint:#E6F0F1;

  /* Fe / Co / Ni — the group's base-metal triad (signature) */
  --fe: #D6604D;
  --co: #4472C4;
  --ni: #3D9B3D;

  --radius:   14px;
  --radius-sm:10px;
  --shadow:   0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,46,.04), 0 10px 30px rgba(16,32,46,.06);
  --shadow-sm:0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,46,.05);
  --maxw: 1140px;

  --serif: "Spectral", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans:  "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  --mono:  "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 17px;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }

a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-deep); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

/* ---------- The signature: Fe/Co/Ni spectrum ---------- */
.spectrum,
.spectrum-bar {
  display: block;
  height: 3px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg,
    var(--fe) 0%, var(--fe) 33.3%,
    var(--co) 33.3%, var(--co) 66.6%,
    var(--ni) 66.6%, var(--ni) 100%);
}

/* ============================================================
   Navigation
   ============================================================ */
.site-nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 12px clamp(20px, 5vw, 48px);
  background: rgba(251,252,253,.86);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(140%) blur(10px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.nav-brand {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.nav-brand:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }

.nav-links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; }
.nav-links a {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  padding: 8px 13px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease;
}
.nav-links a:hover { background: var(--surface-alt); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.nav-links a.active { color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-tint); }

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 9px;
  width: 42px; height: 38px;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.nav-toggle span,
.nav-toggle span::before,
.nav-toggle span::after {
  display: block;
  width: 18px; height: 2px;
  background: currentColor;
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
  transition: transform .2s ease, opacity .2s ease;
}
.nav-toggle span::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: -6px; }
.nav-toggle span::after  { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 6px; }

/* ============================================================
   Layout primitives
   ============================================================ */
.page {
  max-width: var(--maxw);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(36px, 6vw, 72px) clamp(20px, 5vw, 48px) 40px;
}

.eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}

h1, h2, h3 { color: var(--ink); }

h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 5.2vw, 3.5rem);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}

p { margin: 0 0 20px; }
p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* ============================================================
   Hero
   ============================================================ */
.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 0.8fr;
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 56px);
  align-items: center;
}
.hero-text h2,
.hero-text > h2 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.12rem, 2vw, 1.35rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
}
.hero-text p {
  font-size: 1.06rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 60ch;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.hero-photo { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
.hero-photo img {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 260px;
  aspect-ratio: 4/5;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

/* ============================================================
   Buttons
   ============================================================ */
.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 12px 22px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent);
  transition: background .15s ease, transform .15s ease, box-shadow .15s ease;
}
.button:hover {
  background: var(--accent-deep);
  border-color: var(--accent-deep);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(13,83,96,.22);
}
.secondary-button {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--accent);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.secondary-button:hover {
  background: var(--accent-tint);
  border-color: var(--accent-tint);
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  box-shadow: none;
}
.button-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; }

/* ============================================================
   Credibility band (home)
   ============================================================ */
.credband { margin-top: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px); }
.credband-inner {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--surface);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.cred-item { padding: 24px 26px; border-right: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.cred-item:last-child { border-right: none; }
.cred-num {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.cred-label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin-top: 9px;
}
.credband-note {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 16px;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* ============================================================
   Sections / cards
   ============================================================ */
.section { margin-top: clamp(48px, 7vw, 80px); }
.section > h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0 0 26px;
}
.section-intro { color: var(--ink-soft); max-width: 70ch; }

.cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 18px; }
.three-card-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }

.card {
  position: relative;
  background: var(--surface);
  padding: 26px 24px 24px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
.card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 24px;
  width: 34px; height: 3px;
  border-radius: 0 0 2px 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
}
.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border-color: #D6DCE3;
}
.card h3 { margin: 14px 0 9px; font-size: 1.08rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; }
.card p  { margin: 0; font-size: 0.97rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* ============================================================
   Contact strip / CTA
   ============================================================ */
.contact-strip {
  margin-top: clamp(48px, 7vw, 80px);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #E7ECF1;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 52px);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.contact-strip::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
}
.contact-strip h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 1.85rem);
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
.contact-strip p { color: #B9C4D0; max-width: 68ch; margin-bottom: 26px; }
.contact-strip .button { background: #fff; color: var(--ink); border-color: #fff; }
.contact-strip .button:hover { background: var(--accent-tint); border-color: var(--accent-tint); color: var(--accent-deep); }

/* ============================================================
   Feature sections (alternating image/text)
   ============================================================ */
.feature-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.05fr 0.95fr;
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 56px);
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: clamp(44px, 6vw, 72px);
}
.feature-section.reverse .feature-text { order: 2; }
.feature-section.reverse .feature-image { order: 1; }
.feature-text h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 1.85rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}
.feature-text p { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.feature-subtitle {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin: 24px 0 12px;
}
.feature-list, .compact-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 11px;
}
.feature-list li, .compact-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 24px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 0.99rem;
}
.feature-list li::before, .compact-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; top: 0.62em;
  width: 9px; height: 9px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
}
.feature-image img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  background: var(--surface);
}

/* ============================================================
   Research hero image
   ============================================================ */
.research-hero {
  grid-template-columns: 0.8fr 1.2fr;
  align-items: center;
}
.research-hero-image img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

/* ============================================================
   Proposals
   ============================================================ */
.proposal-section { margin-top: clamp(48px, 7vw, 84px); }
.proposal-intro { max-width: 80ch; margin-bottom: 30px; }
.proposal-intro h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.8vw, 1.95rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
}
.proposal-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 18px; }
.proposal-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px 26px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.proposal-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.proposal-tag {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin: 0 0 12px;
}
.proposal-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
}
.proposal-card p { font-size: 0.98rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 12px; }
.collaborators {
  font-size: 0.9rem !important;
  color: var(--ink-faint) !important;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  padding-top: 14px;
  margin-top: 4px !important;
}

/* ============================================================
   Profile / timeline / two-column
   ============================================================ */
.profile-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
}
.profile-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 22px 22px 20px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.profile-card h3 {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin: 0 0 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.profile-card p { font-size: 0.96rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; }

.two-column-section, .two-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: clamp(28px, 4vw, 40px);
}
.timeline-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 28px 28px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.timeline-card .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 22px; }
.timeline-item {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 0 18px 22px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--line);
}
.timeline-item:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
.timeline-item::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -6px; top: 4px;
  width: 10px; height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
}
.timeline-item h3 { font-size: 1.04rem; margin: 0 0 5px; font-weight: 600; }
.timeline-item p { font-size: 0.93rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; }

/* ============================================================
   Team
   ============================================================ */
.group-summary-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 28px 28px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.group-summary-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
}
.group-summary-card ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; gap: 12px; }
.group-summary-card li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 22px;
  font-size: 0.97rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.group-summary-card li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0.62em;
  width: 9px; height: 9px; border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.pi-feature-card { margin-top: clamp(44px, 6vw, 72px); }
.small-profile-image img {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 360px;
  aspect-ratio: 4/5;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.group-photo-section { margin-top: clamp(48px, 7vw, 80px); }
.group-photo-intro { max-width: 78ch; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.group-photo-intro h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.8vw, 1.95rem);
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
.group-photo-card {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.group-photo-card img { width: 100%; }

.members-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
}
.member-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.member-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.member-photo {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4/5;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.member-card-body { padding: 18px 20px 20px; }
.member-card-body h3 { font-size: 1.06rem; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.member-role {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}
.member-card-body p { font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; }

/* ============================================================
   Teaching
   ============================================================ */
.teaching-course-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
}
.teaching-course-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px 26px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.course-meta {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.teaching-course-card h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.22rem; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.teaching-course-card p { font-size: 0.97rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 16px; }
.module-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.module-list span {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  background: var(--surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  padding: 5px 11px;
  border-radius: 100px;
}
.teaching-note-gallery { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 16px; }
.teaching-note-image-card {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  background: var(--surface);
}
.teaching-note-image-card img { width: 100%; }

/* ============================================================
   Publications
   ============================================================ */
.publication-summary-card,
.group-summary-card { align-self: start; }

.section-heading-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.section-heading-row h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  margin: 0;
}

.publication-page-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
.card.horizontal {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 252px 1fr auto;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 22px 4px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  transition: background .15s ease;
}
.card.horizontal::before { display: none; }
.card.horizontal:hover { transform: none; background: var(--surface-alt); box-shadow: none; }
.card.horizontal > img {
  width: 252px;
  height: 198px;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #fff;
  padding: 9px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.card.horizontal .card-body { min-width: 0; }
.card.horizontal .card-body .small:first-child {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.card.horizontal h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.13rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.32;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.small { font-size: 0.9rem; }
.small.muted { color: var(--ink-faint); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.journal-line {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.82rem !important;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.card.horizontal .small a { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.8rem; word-break: break-word; }
.badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--accent-tint);
  border: 1px solid #CFE2E4;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border-radius: 100px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.badges { display: flex; gap: 6px; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; }

.publication-overview-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
}

/* Patents */
.patents-section { margin-top: clamp(48px, 7vw, 80px); }
.patents-section > h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.8vw, 1.9rem);
  margin: 0 0 24px;
}
.patent-list { display: grid; gap: 14px; }
.patent-item {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 20px 22px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.patent-item > div:first-child { color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5; }
.patent-item .num {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-right: 8px;
}
.patent-item .title { font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); }
.patent-meta {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* ============================================================
   Contact page
   ============================================================ */
.contact-grid-section { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 18px; }
.contact-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px 26px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.contact-card h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.15rem; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.contact-card p { font-size: 0.97rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; }
.primary-contact-card { border-top: 3px solid var(--accent); }
.primary-contact-card h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; }

/* ============================================================
   Footer
   ============================================================ */
.site-footer {
  margin-top: clamp(56px, 8vw, 96px);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #AEB9C6;
  position: relative;
}
.site-footer::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
}
.footer-inner {
  max-width: var(--maxw);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(40px, 5vw, 56px) clamp(20px, 5vw, 48px) 32px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 36px;
}
.footer-brand .footer-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.footer-brand p { font-size: 0.92rem; color: #8E9AA8; margin: 0; max-width: 42ch; }
.footer-col h4 {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #6E7C8C;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.footer-col a, .footer-col span {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  color: #B9C4D0;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.footer-col a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  max-width: var(--maxw);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 20px clamp(20px, 5vw, 48px);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: #6E7C8C;
}

/* ============================================================
   Scroll reveal
   ============================================================ */
.reveal-on [data-reveal] { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(16px); transition: opacity .6s ease, transform .6s ease; }
.reveal-on [data-reveal].in { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

/* ============================================================
   Focus / accessibility
   ============================================================ */
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; border-radius: 4px; }

/* ============================================================
   Responsive
   ============================================================ */
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .credband-inner { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .cred-item:nth-child(2) { border-right: none; }
  .cred-item:nth-child(1), .cred-item:nth-child(2) { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
  .profile-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .members-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .footer-brand { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .nav-links {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 2px;
    background: var(--surface);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding: 10px clamp(20px, 5vw, 48px) 16px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    display: none;
  }
  .nav-links.open { display: flex; }
  .nav-links a { padding: 11px 14px; }

  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-photo { order: -1; justify-content: flex-start; }
  .hero-photo img { max-width: 220px; }

  .feature-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .feature-section.reverse .feature-text,
  .feature-section.reverse .feature-image { order: initial; }

  .cards, .three-card-grid,
  .proposal-grid, .two-column-section, .two-card-grid,
  .teaching-course-grid, .contact-grid-section,
  .publication-overview-grid, .teaching-note-gallery {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .pi-feature-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .small-profile-image { max-width: 320px; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  body { font-size: 16px; }
  .credband-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cred-item { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
  .cred-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .profile-grid, .members-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .card.horizontal { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .card.horizontal > img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: contain; }
  .card.horizontal .badges { grid-column: auto; justify-content: flex-start; margin-top: 4px; }
  .teaching-note-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  .reveal-on [data-reveal] { opacity: 1; transform: none; transition: none; }
  .button:hover, .card:hover, .member-card:hover, .proposal-card:hover { transform: none; }
}

/* ============================================================
   Outreach & Engagement (Teaching page)
   ============================================================ */
.outreach-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.outreach-item {
  display: block;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--surface-alt);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.outreach-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.outreach-item img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 240px;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #fff;
  padding: 12px;
}
a.outreach-item::after { display: none; }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .outreach-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .outreach-item img { height: 180px; }
}
@media (max-width: 460px) {
  .outreach-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}


/* ============================================================
   FINAL MOBILE PUBLICATIONS FIX v3
   Purpose: remove the desktop horizontal card behavior completely
   on phones/tablets and force all publication entries to be visible.
   ============================================================ */
.publications-page [data-reveal],
.publications-list-section[data-reveal],
.publication-page-list[data-reveal] {
  opacity: 1 !important;
  transform: none !important;
  visibility: visible !important;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 900px) {
  html, body {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    overflow-x: hidden !important;
  }

  .publications-page,
  .publications-page .section,
  .publications-list-section,
  .publication-page-list {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
  }

  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal,
  .card.horizontal {
    display: block !important;
    grid-template-columns: none !important;
    grid-template-rows: none !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    min-height: 0 !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
    padding: 18px 0 22px !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line) !important;
    background: transparent !important;
  }

  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal > img,
  .card.horizontal > img {
    display: block !important;
    position: static !important;
    float: none !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 320px !important;
    height: auto !important;
    max-height: none !important;
    aspect-ratio: auto !important;
    object-fit: contain !important;
    margin: 0 0 14px 0 !important;
    padding: 8px !important;
    background: #fff !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--line) !important;
    border-radius: 8px !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
  }

  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal .card-body,
  .card.horizontal .card-body {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
  }

  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal h3,
  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal p,
  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal div,
  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal a,
  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal .small,
  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal .journal-line {
    width: auto !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    white-space: normal !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere !important;
    word-break: normal !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
  }

  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal h3 {
    font-size: 1.02rem !important;
    line-height: 1.36 !important;
    margin-bottom: 8px !important;
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 420px) {
  .publications-page .section,
  .publications-page .hero,
  .site-nav,
  .footer-inner {
    padding-left: 16px !important;
    padding-right: 16px !important;
  }

  .publication-page-list .card.horizontal > img,
  .card.horizontal > img {
    max-width: 100% !important;
  }
}

/* ============================================================
   DESKTOP SCALE POLISH v4
   Purpose: make pages read at a natural desktop size at 100% zoom
   without disturbing the existing mobile fixes.
   ============================================================ */
@media screen and (min-width: 901px) {
  :root { --maxw: 1240px; }

  body {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .page {
    padding-top: clamp(44px, 5vw, 78px);
    padding-left: clamp(28px, 4.4vw, 56px);
    padding-right: clamp(28px, 4.4vw, 56px);
  }

  .site-nav {
    padding-left: clamp(28px, 4.4vw, 56px);
    padding-right: clamp(28px, 4.4vw, 56px);
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.55rem, 4.9vw, 3.75rem);
  }

  .hero {
    gap: clamp(36px, 5vw, 68px);
  }

  .hero-text > h2,
  .hero-text h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.22rem, 1.7vw, 1.48rem);
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .hero-text p {
    font-size: 1.12rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }

  .section {
    margin-top: clamp(56px, 7vw, 90px);
  }

  .section > h2,
  .section-heading-row h2,
  .proposal-intro h2,
  .group-photo-intro h2,
  .patents-section > h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 2.6vw, 2.25rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
  }

  .section-intro,
  .proposal-intro,
  .group-photo-intro {
    max-width: 78ch;
    font-size: 1.04rem;
    line-height: 1.68;
  }

  .eyebrow,
  .section-label {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  }

  .card h3,
  .teaching-course-card h3,
  .proposal-card h3,
  .group-summary-card h3,
  .contact-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }

  .card p,
  .teaching-course-card p,
  .proposal-card p,
  .group-summary-card li,
  .contact-card p,
  .timeline-item p,
  .profile-card p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.62;
  }

  .teaching-course-grid,
  .cards,
  .three-card-grid,
  .proposal-grid,
  .two-column-section,
  .two-card-grid,
  .contact-grid-section,
  .publication-overview-grid {
    gap: 22px;
  }

  .teaching-course-card,
  .proposal-card,
  .group-summary-card,
  .contact-card,
  .profile-card,
  .timeline-card {
    padding: 30px 30px 28px;
  }

  /* Teaching: classroom-notes block */
  .teaching-notes-section {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.04fr) minmax(470px, 0.96fr);
    gap: clamp(44px, 5.5vw, 76px);
  }

  .feature-text h2,
  .teaching-notes-section .feature-text h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 2.8vw, 2.35rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
  }

  .feature-text p,
  .teaching-notes-section .feature-text p {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    line-height: 1.68;
    max-width: 62ch;
  }

  .teaching-note-gallery {
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .teaching-note-image-card img {
    height: 220px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: #fff;
  }

  /* Teaching: outreach cards */
  .outreach-grid {
    gap: 26px;
  }

  .outreach-item img {
    height: 270px;
    padding: 8px;
  }

  /* Publications: larger cards and readable citation text */
  .publication-page-list {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .card.horizontal {
    grid-template-columns: 300px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 32px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 28px 6px;
  }

  .card.horizontal > img {
    width: 300px;
    height: 230px;
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 10px;
  }

  .card.horizontal h3 {
    font-size: 1.28rem;
    line-height: 1.34;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .card.horizontal .card-body .small:first-child {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .small {
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .small.muted {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .journal-line {
    font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .card.horizontal .small a {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .publication-page-list,
  .publication-page-list .card-body,
  .publication-page-list .small,
  .publication-page-list .journal-line,
  .publication-page-list h3 {
    text-align: left;
    word-spacing: normal;
    text-justify: auto;
  }

  .badge {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    padding: 6px 11px;
  }
}

@media screen and (min-width: 901px) and (max-width: 1120px) {
  .card.horizontal {
    grid-template-columns: 270px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 26px;
  }

  .card.horizontal > img {
    width: 270px;
    height: 214px;
  }

  .teaching-notes-section {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 430px;
    gap: 44px;
  }

  .teaching-note-image-card img {
    height: 200px;
  }
}